PATIENT SECURITY

• GLOSSARY

CRAMP: tremor or tremor that produces a low intensity electric shock in a person's body

BREATHING: Biological function of living beings by which they absorb oxygen, dissolved in air or water, and expel carbon dioxide to maintain their vital functions

RISK: Possibility of a mishap or misfortune, that someone or something suffer harm or damage.

MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS: Muscle contraction is the physiological process that muscles develop when they are systematically stressed and relaxed.

PATING:Breathe longingly due to fatigue, excitement, excessive heat or some difficulty due to illness.

ELECTRIC SHOCK: injury produced by the effect of electric current on the human being or on an animal.

• BACKGROUND

1. What kind of aid do you have to provide in an electrical shock case?

If a person suffer an electrical shock case, the fisrt Step and the most important is call Emergency Number, in Colombia, you can call to 123 emergency line and report the case.

The second step is depending the pearsons health, you can´t touch the pearson, if him/her is connected to an electrical source yet, for that reason, you must to turn off the electrical source.

Them, you have to look for an aislant component, to get away the person from the electrical source , if the person is unconscious, analize vital signs.

If you don´t detect vital signs, you must to begin RCP reanimation, trying to save his/her life while the  ambulance is comming .

First you have to open air ways, raise up the persons head and send air into the persons mouth.

compress the chest 30 times until see a persons response, if it didn´t, repeat the process.

The danger of an electric shock depends on the type of current, how high the voltage is, how the current traveled through the body, the general health of the person and how quickly the person is treated. Below you will find a brief summary of what could happen to the person in each of these cases.

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  INTENSITY (mA)	DURATION
  0-10mA	in this current range the body can feel muscle cramp and involuntary muscle movements
  10-100mA	Legs and arms contractions, breathing difficult, cardiac problems, high blood pressure, ventricular fibrillation beginning and strong muscle contractions.
  100-1A	Electrical burn, ventricular fibrillation, heart attack, death risk by nervous paralysis, and high risk of death.
  1-10A	Serious electrical burn, high death probability.
  10A>	Cardiac collapse, serious electrical burn and death.

The safety signals do not eliminate the danger by themselves, but they provide warnings or guidelines that allow applying the appropriate measures for the prevention of accidents as previously seen. The purpose of the safety signals is to transmit messages of prevention, prohibition or information . in a clear, precise and easy to understand way for all, in an area where electrical work is performed or in areas of operation of machines, equipment or facilities that present a potential danger

The safety signs according to their type are classified as: Warning or caution, prohibition, obligation, information and rescue or relief; they must apply geometric shapes and colors shown below

TYPE OF SAFETY SIGNAL	GEOMETRIC FORM	COLOUR
		PICTOGRAM	BACKGROUND	EDGE	BAND
WARNING OR CAUTION	TRIANGULAR	BLACK	YELLOW	BLACK	---------
PROHIBITION	ROUND	BLACK	WHITE	RED	RED
OBLIGATION	ROUND	WHITE	BLUE	WHITE OR BLUE	-
FIRE INFORMATION	RECTANGULAR OR SQUARE	WHITE	RED	-	-
RESCUE OR RELIEF	RECTANGULAR OR SQUARE	WHITE	GREEN	WHITE OR GREEN	-

MOST COMMON ELECTRICAL RISK FACTORS

All electrical installations have a risk and, given the impossibility of Control all the elements permanently, selecting some factors, that do not have them present they cause the greatest number of accidents.

Electric arcs

Absence of electricity (in certain cases)

Direct contact

Indirect contact

Short circuit

Static electricity

Faulty equipment

Ray

Overload

Contact voltage

Step voltage

In circumstances that show HIGH RISK or DANGER IMMINENT for people, it must be interrupt the operation of the electrical installation, except in airports, critical areas of health care centers or when the interruption leads to a higher risk; case in which they must take other security measures, tending to minimize the risk.

• RESULTS

It can be observed that between the phase and the neutral one there is the highest voltage value, which is 117 v, this value does not come out within the phase range (110-120 V), likewise it happens between the phase and the land. Similar values ​​were obtained between the orange source and the white source.

• CONCLUSIONS

1. The White sources are used in domestic places, industries and many places, in this source you must only connect inductive equipment and not resistive equipment.
2. The Orange sources are used to connect all the electronical equipment with capacitive components in his pieces.
3. if a electrical shock case is presented, you have to call emergencies line depending the health and the persons injuries.